Integration

How to Integrate in a Spherical Coordinate System

By / 24 Feb 2021

Review of Integration Integration with Cartesian coordinates is simple. The general form is $\int\int\int f(x,y,z)dxdydz$ in which $f(x,y,z)$ is an arbitrary function of the Cartesian coordinates. However, there may be cases in which integrating with spherical coordinates is more convenient. Given the above, general form for integration with Cartesian coordinates, how can one integrate in a spherical …

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The Crux of Calculus

By / 19 Feb 2021

Define $\Delta x \equiv x_2 – x_1$, to be consistent with this post. Similarly, define $\Delta y \equiv y_2 – y_1$ and $\Delta z \equiv z_2 – z_1$. The Cartesian coordinates are $x$, $y$, & $z$. In contrast, the spherical coordinates are $r$, $\theta$, & $\phi$. Here, $\phi$ is the azimuthal angle in the $xy$-plane. Next, …

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Overview of Gauss’ Theorem and Basics of Integration

By / 4 Jan 2021

It turns out that deriving Gauss’ Law is easier said than done. There are several steps according to a StackExchange post [1]. The first of these steps is understanding Gauss’ Theorem. Hmm. Perhaps Gauss used his own theorem to derive his electrostatics law. After a quick online search, it is clear that Gauss’ Theorem is …

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